Art at Hillsborough Castle

The hang in the State Entrance Hall shows all the main protagonists involved in the history of the house, including Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, painted in 1791 by George Romney.

Image: © Historic Royal Palaces

Charles II, After Sir Peter Lely

State Entrance Hall

This handsome Stuart was particularly important to the town, and to the Hill family.

During the 1660s Charles II granted Hillsborough borough status.

This gave the family important commercial and legal benefits, including the right to send representatives to parliament.

This copy of the 1672 original painting was commissioned by Queen Victoria in the 19th century.

Although the Queen was a Hanoverian, she took a keen interest in her glamorous Stuart ancestors.

We don’t know exactly when this picture was painted, but it was hanging in St James’s Palace by 1865.

Charles II, after Peter Lely (19th-century copy), Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 407684

Mary II when Princess

State Entrance Hall

The Dutch artist Peter Lely depicts the 10-year-old Princess Mary, daughter of James II and sister to the future Queen Anne, as the Roman goddess Diana.

As well as being a huntress, Diana was also the virtuous protector of young women, and perhaps Lely evoked Diana for a reason.

Five years after this was painted, tall, attractive Mary was told she was to be sent away to the Netherlands to marry her cousin, Prince William of Orange, who was at least 10cm shorter than her, and considerably older.

The young Princess ‘wept all day that afternoon and all the following day’. 

Despite this unpromising start, the couple grew to love each other. Mary returned to England in 1668 after the ‘Glorious Revolution’ to rule jointly with her husband, William III.

Mary II died of smallpox in 1694 aged only 32, leaving William heartbroken.

Mary II (1662-94) (above), when Princess by Peter Lely, c1672, Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 404918

The Ante Room formed part of the original house built in the mid-18th century. It was created from a much smaller hallway in 1936, following a fire in 1934. The room features art depicting members of the Hill family, including a bust of Wills Hill, First Marquess of Downshire, who is credited with developing much of the town of Hillsborough. 

Traditionally, here was where the Downshire family, like other aristocrats, would hang their most prized ‘history’ paintings. These featured stories from the Bible, mythology and ancient history, to reflect an aristocratic classical education.

Image: © Historic Royal Palaces

Stag Hunt at Versailles 

Throne Room

This painting and its pair, Hawking Party at Marly, were bought by art-loving British monarch George IV following the French Revolution. They evoke the lost monarchy of France and feature the Duke and Duchess of Burgundy and their splendid court – something to which the King aspired.

George IV adored anything French – food and furniture as well as art – and he was an extravagant collector. He filled his palaces with collections of European old masters and more contemporary work. Displaying paintings of the lost French monarchy was an attempt to show solidarity with them, post-Revolution, while of course being available more cheaply as the new French government sold them all off. George IV paid only 40 guineas for both paintings from a Parisian dealer!

Stag Hunt at Versailles (detail), by Jean Baptiste Martin, c1700, Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 406958

Hawking Party at Marly

Throne Room

The Duchess of Burgundy, aged around 15 is riding side-saddle on a white horse at the Chateau of Marly, seen in the background.

Her arrival in the French court, aged 12, to marry the Duke was described as ‘a breath of fresh air’ but sadly she died when she was 26 from a measles outbreak that also killed her husband and eldest son.

Hawking Party at Marly (detail), by Jean Baptiste Martin, c1700, Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 406957

The Family of Darius before Alexander

Throne Room

This is another painting in the Throne Room chosen for its classical subject matter. The scene depicts the story of the captured family of the Persian Emperor Darius III pleading with Alexander the Great for their freedom.

It is a version of an earlier famous painting by Paolo Veronese, painted in 1565-7.

The original first hung in Venice, where it was much copied by aspiring artists on their ‘Grand Tour’ of Europe. This later reduced and simplified version was painted by an apprentice of Sebastiano Ricci, a celebrated Venetian artist of the 1700s, under supervision in his studio. 

The story has a happy ending: Darius had fled from the battlefield, allowing his family to be captured by Alexander, who refused to release them despite their desperate pleas. However, Alexander treated them generously and eventually married Darius’ daughter. 

The Family of Darius before Alexander (above), Studio of Sebastiano Ricci, c1700-30, Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 404768

A cabinet was usually a private room in which intimate discussion took place. The round table was a deliberate choice, allowing equality of seating for all participants.

The cabinet hang was chosen here as it is particularly appropriate for the Red Room. During the 1980s and 1990s, many of the delicate negotiations of the Peace Process were held in here.

It was in the Red Room that Queen Elizabeth II met Irish President Mary McAleese in 2005, for what was described at the time as ‘a historic event’. 

Image: © Historic Royal Palaces

Francis Rawdon-Hastings

Red Room

A full-scale portrait of this kind is not usually found in a ‘cabinet hang’, but it is displayed here as it’s one of Reynold’s finest paintings in an impressive career, and Hastings has links with the area surrounding Hillsborough, as he was the 2nd Earl of Moira, the nearby town.

This portrait was commissioned by Rawdon-Hastings as a gift for the Duke of York. As required by courtly etiquette, the Duke gave Hastings a portrait in return. George IV (who had already also exchanged portraits with Hastings) purchased this painting in 1827.

Doubtless, the art-loving King appreciated the fine quality of Reynolds’ work in capturing the colonel in an intelligent and confident pose, despite the artist reportedly suffering from problems with his vision at the time.  

Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira and 1st Marquess of Hastings, by Sir Joshua Reynolds c1789-90, Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 407508

School of Athens by Raphael, copy by Sir Joshua Reynolds

Red Room

This sketch copy of Raphael’s vast, celebrated fresco in the Vatican was created by Reynolds during a trip to Rome in the spring of 1750, where he made several copies of Old Masters. Reynolds encouraged younger artists to study Renaissance works of art. He emphasised the importance of Italian art at the Royal Academy and the merit of copying works in order to refine and develop new skills and techniques.

‘School of Athens’ (detail) by Raphael, copy by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1750, © Schorr Collection

In 1829, Lord Downshire held a candlelit feast to celebrate the Twelfth Night of Christmas, with over 150 guests invited.

The hang in the State Dining Room reflects themes of food, dining and portraits, both royal and of the Downshires.

Image: © Historic Royal Palaces

Dead Hare and Partridges

State Dining Room

Dutch artist Jan Weenix specialised in painting hunting-trophy pictures. A dead hare was one of Weenix’s repeated motifs.

This elaborate scene depicts the equipment associated with hunting, along with the dead game situated in parkland or a garden. This painting was part of a collection of 86 by Dutch and Flemish artists, bought by George IV.

Dead Hare and Partridges with Instruments of the Chase, Jan Weenix, 1704, Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 403375

Queen Charlotte and King George III

State Dining Room

The artist Sir Allan Ramsay had already painted George III as Prince of Wales in 1758 for John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, George III’s tutor and mentor. The success of that portrait led to Ramsay painting the state portraits of George III and Queen Charlotte in coronation robes seen here.

Paintings of the King and Queen were in high demand from aristocrats like the Downshires, keen to show their allegiance to the monarch. Ramsay’s studio in Soho, London, was described as being ‘crowded with portraits of His Majesty in every stage of their operation’.

There were orders for 150 pairs, and Ramsay was determined to paint each of them himself but eventually employed several assistants including David Martin and Philip Reinagle to help him. They painted these, with Ramsay himself painting the hands and faces.

Portraits of Queen Charlotte and George III (detail), attributed to Allan Ramsay, Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019, RCIN 402413 and RCIN 402412

Lord Marcus Hill

State Dining Room

Marcus Hill was the son of Arthur, 2nd Marquess of Downshire and his wife Mary, née Sandys. This portrait of Marcus was painted around 1816 by Thomas Lawrence, a popular portrait artist who would later paint many famous figures of his era, from Queen Charlotte to the Duke of Wellington.

Here, Marcus is pictured at 18 years old, just before his role as secretary to the British envoy to Spain. He is wearing court uniform, commonly worn for diplomatic service in the early 19th century.

The portrait was commissioned by Marcus’ mother, but Lawrence was not the first artist she had in mind. Marcus’ sisters recorded in their diary that their mother went to George Hayter’s studio but he was unavailable since he was ‘going abroad in a day or two’. They later visited Lawrence’s studio and were impressed by the ‘beautiful and striking likenesses’ in his art. Marcus’s sisters stayed with him while he sat for his painting.

Image: This portrait was gifted to Historic Royal Palaces by the trustees of the Sandys Trust (Registered Charity Number 1168357)

The hang in the State Drawing Room shows works by famous contemporary Irish artists, some with royal patronage.

Image: © Historic Royal Palaces

Off the Donegal Coast

State Drawing Room

This work was painted by renowned artist Jack B. Yeats in 1922, one of the most important artists working in Ireland during the 20th century and the first Irish artist to sell a work for over £1 million.  

He was the son of the painter John B. Yeats and brother of poet and playwright William B. Yeats. The artist often depicted Irish life and the people of the West, using these subjects to visit the theme of Irish nationality.  

In Off The Donegal Coast, Yeats portrays the West Coast of Ireland, showing sailors in their little currach rocked by waves, with fear visible in their eyes. Yeats’ displays an unusual diagonal composition and places our view on the side or above the rescue ship. With his vigorous painting style, energetic brushstrokes and muted tones, Yeats captures a moment of great tension.  

Image: On loan from the Crawford Art Gallery, Cork 

Sir Winston Churchill Painting

State Drawing Room

The famous British Prime Minister with his easel and paints was captured in 1915 by his friend and art tutor, Sir John Lavery. 

Lavery was born in Belfast in 1856 and trained in Glasgow and Paris before moving to London, where he became an established society painter.

Churchill did not begin painting until he was 40 years old and learnt from friends such as Lavery and Lavery’s wife, Hazel.

He is depicted here in the garden of Lady Minnie Paget, who lived near London and was an American society friend and contemporary of Churchill's mother.

Sir Winston Churchill Painting, by Sir John Lavery, 1915, © Historic Royal Palaces

The study is named after Lady Grey of Naunton, Esmé Burcher, wife of the last Governor of Northern Ireland.

Image: © Historic Royal Palaces

Preparing the Peace

Lady Grey's Study

A collection of preparatory sketches displayed in Lady Grey’s Study of official portraits of key figures involved in the Peace Talks at Hillsborough Castle.

A collection of preparatory sketches of official portraits which now hang in institutions all over the world are displayed together in Lady Grey's study.

At Hampton Court Palace, along with astonishing works to be seen throughout the palace, the Cumberland Art Gallery houses a rotating display of paintings, ranging from Tudor and Renaissance portraits to Georgian landscapes and baroque allegories.

Fine works by Italian painters from the 16th and 17th centuries, among many more, feature at Kensington Palace, while at Banqueting House, Whitehall, you will find the world-famous ceiling canvases painted by Rubens in 1637 for Charles I.